Joseph dyson administrator



(No Model.)

J. DYSON, Jr. APPARATUS FOR PORGING HAMMERS.

Pa,tented Oct 31, 1893.

v No. 507,892.

UNITED STATES- PATENT Orrrcn.

JOSEPH DYSON, JR., OF CLEVELAND, OHIO; JOSEPH DYSON ADMINISTRATOR OF SAID JOSEPH DYSON, JR, DECEASED.

APPARATUS FOR-FORGING HAMMERS.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 507,892, dated October 31, 1893- Application filed May 2'7, 1893. Serial No. 475.667. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Beit known that I, JOSEPH DYsoN, J r., a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Ouyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Forging Hammers; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertaius to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in forging hammers and similar articles and to apparatus-therefor; its object is to improve the quality of the articles produced, to insure uniformity of product, and to economize labor; and it consists in the novel method of procedure and novel apparatus adapted therer to, as hereinafter described and pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings Figure 1 represents in front elevation the gang of dies keyed in their die-blocks and placed together in the position they occupy when closed together in working. Fig. 2 is a similar view showing the dies slightly separated. Fig. 3 is a plan view showing the face of the dies in the upper block A. Fig. 4 is a like view showing the face of the dies in the lower block B. Fig. 5 is a series of transverse sectional views centrally through each of the dies and their dieblocks, the upper line showing the sections of the upper dies, and the lower line the sections of the lower dies, in the same order as they appear in Figs. 1 to 4. Fig. 6 represents the forging in its various stages from the rod to the finished blank, the suffixed letters indicating the pair of dies by which each stage was produced. Figs. 7 and 8 exhibit the finished hammer in side and front view respectively.

In the manufacture of hammers and other articles the superiority of hand forged articles over those made by drop-forging and swaging has long been well understood and universally conceded. One of the chief reasons for this superiority is that hand forging is done at much lower temperature than is practicable with machine forging, since in the latter case, and especially in drop-forging or swaging, the metal must fill the form into which it is to be forged suddenly under the impact of the heavy blow to which it is subjected, and to avoid cracking, the metal must be so highly heated as to flow readily and quickly under the heavy blow of the drop hammer, and a high heat is also necessary to enable the die or form to be accurately filled by the metal when it is struck.

It is an axiom in metal working that the less heating the metal is subjected to in the process of manufacture the better is the quality of the product, and this applies with especial force to steel, as it is well known that it is very liable to change its nature when highlyheated, or if heated too often.

For the above and other well understood reasons it is nearly impracticable to produce by drop-forging articles of steel in which the qualities of great strength and hardness are essential, since the quick flow of the metal gives rise to lamination and lines of molecular strain, and the high heat causes the steel to change its nature more or less. In the case of steel hammers and similar articles these defects become very apparent when they are made by drop-forging, as the hammers, when subjected to the usage for which they are intended, are very liable to crack along the lines of internal molecular strain, and soon break and become worthless. In hand-forging, on the contrary, the metal being at a lower heat preserves its nature, and as the blows upon it are numerous and, by comparison, light, the flow of the metal is slow, lamination is prevented, and the molecular structure is undisturbed, so that the lines of internal strain are wholly absent, and the metal remains as homogeneous as it was before forging.

Owing to the great expense involved in forg ing articles by hand, efforts have been made to accomplish by means of power hammers and swaging the desirable results of hand forging with less labor, the practice being usually to first drop-forge the blanks and then re-heat and swage the blanks in suitable dies, but so far as I am aware the results of all such efforts have proven unsatisfactory and they have been abandoned for most articles, and entirely so for hammers, as the metal in swaging has not the necessary freedom of molecular fiow which it has in hand forging, and which is necessary to the production of satisfactory forgings. To accomplish by means of power hammers the same results obtained by hand forging is the aim of my invention, and I accomplish this by the means and in the manner presently to be described, thereby enormously reducing the amount of llabor, and consequently the cost of the prouct.

To apply my invention I construct a series of dies having the necessary form and characteristics, hereinafter described, and adapted to progressively shape the article from the bar to the finished blank, ready for grinding, such series of dies forming what is called a gang of (lies, and each set or gang of dies for a single article being arranged in a dieblock and securely fastened therein, while the die-block is secured to the head of a suitable power hammer in the usual way, the set of counter dies being arranged in proper order in a similar die-block secured in the proper position on the bed or anvil block of the hammer.

Referring to the drawings, A represents the upper die-block, B the lower one, a, b, c, d, e, the upper dies, a, b, c, d, e, the corresponding lower dies of each pair.

ff represent stops or gage blocks, technically known as kiss-pieces, which are inserted at each end of the gang of dies in each block, and g g are keys or wedges by which the dies and kiss-pieces are firmly fastened into their die-blocks. As the attachment of the die-blocks to the head and anvil of the hammer does not differ from the usual method of attaching dies to a power hammer, it is not shown in the drawings, the construction and arrangement of the dies themselves embracing the features of novelty.

The die-blocks A and B are alike, and are each provided with a dovetail recess 70, open at one end of the block for insertion of the dies. The dies and kiss-pieces are each formed with a dovetail base fitting the recess 7c, as seen in the cross-sections, Fig. 5. The kisspieces f f are formed with fiat faces, and are of such a height that when they kiss or meet together the dies will have fully formed the metal between them to the extent they are designed to. By this means the wearing of the dies is prevented, exact uniformity of product is secured, and undue strain upon the dies is prevented. As the dies and kisspieces are readily removable from their dieblocks, any of them may be removed and quickly replaced by other or different ones as the varying character of the work requires, and thus a few dies answer for a large range of work.

The dies are described, in the order in which they act, as follows: I

a a are the necking dies, or first pair, and are alike, each having the central nearly hemispherical space a and the projecting nearly semi-circular ribs a a, of which ct is preferably of larger radius than 0, and forms the larger neck Z, when forging a hammer.

b I) are the flattening dies, or hammer faced flat dies by which the blank is flattened, squared, or trued up as may be required.

0 c are the piercing dies, 0 being provided with the piercing point or punch c which forms an eye through the metal, and c having a central globose cavity a and the oppositely disposed curved horns c 0 of which 0 is the longer and more curved and 1s placed on the front side of the die, toward the operator.

(Z (Z are reducing dies, by which the diameter of the rod is reduced and a ball peen roughed out. These dies are similar and each has the necking edge d and approximately cylindrical shoulder d for reducing the rod and forming the small end of the hammer.

e e are the cuttingoff dies, e having the cutting edge 6 and 6' having the shallow, concave recess 6 into which the end of the rod or bar is laid while cutting-off, and the end of which recess forms a stop or gage to insure the accurate placing of the rod or bar in cutting off the blank when the forging is complete.

The operation is as follows: In forging hammers of the pattern shown in Figs. 7 and 8,a round bar of steel with flat end, (such as is shown at 6 c after cutting oif,) is heated in a convenient furnace to a merely red heat at the end, as it would be in hand forging; it is then placed in the first die a, and given several blows of the hammer, meanwhile being turned over, until:the piecesff kiss, when the rod will have reached the shape shown by 5 a, and will have had the large head L, the two necks 1 m, and the central globose swell N, completely formed. In this operation the metal forming the head L,

being entirely free, is practically left unchanged, and the metal which is displacecfto form the necks Zm is forged toward the center, causing the metal in the center to swell into the globose form shown at (i a by slow molecular flow without strain. The blank thus forged in the dies (1 0/ is next placed on b and given one or more blows of the die 1), whereby the globose central part N is flattened on two or more sides as desired, giving it the flat face a seen in Fig. 7, and leaving the rod or blank of the form seen at 6 l). The blank is not placed in the die a by inserting it diagonally between the ends of the horns c c and then turning it square across the die, which brings the neck Z against the horn c and the neck m under the horn c and thus an extremely firm bearing for the blank is obtained, which prevents it from turning or moving when the die a is struck upon it, the punch c striking the blank centrally and punching it nearly through. The horn 0 holds the blank when the die 0 lifts, whereby the punch 0 is withdrawn without either straining the punch or distorting the blank. When the upper die a lifts clear of the blank ICC the latter is turned over and a second blow of the die 0 punches the hole clear through, leaving it a little larger at each end than at the middle, which is desirable for the purpose of firmly securing the handle to it. The blank has now the shape shown in 6 c, and the rod is placed upon the. die di and, being turned over between the blows struck by the die (1, is reduced in diameter at the portion next to the neck m, andat the same time is necked down between such reduced portion and the remainder of the rod, assuming by the time the pieces f f kiss, the shape shown in 6 d, and having the small head M and the ball peen 0 completely roughed out. The last operation is to place the blank on the die 6', the body of the rod resting in the shallow recesse v with the end of the rod butted against the end of .1 the recess, when. the cutting edge 6 of the die 6 will serve the small neck of metal'between the rod and the peen 0, leaving the rod fiat-ended and ready tov be-heated again, and the finished blank out free and ready for. grinding, as shown at 6 6. Obviously a hammer with a square head in place of the cylindrical head L would have been produced by using a square bar instead of a cylindrical rod.

I amaware that dies have been used in the forging of hammers, chiefly for claw hammers, but heretofore it has been necessary to first cut the-blank from the bar and afterward shape the separate blanks in the dies, which involve the repeated heating of the blanks,

which I avoidby forging directly from the 'bar at a single heat, leaving the completed forging torequire only the customary grinding and polishing to completely finish it.

What I claim as my inventiomand desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. Thecombination in hammer forging apparatus of a die-block adapted to be secured to a hammer head or anvil block and having a die-receiving recess of a length to receive all the dies of a gang,a series of interchangeable dies fitting in said recess and comprisinga necking die, a flatting die,a piercing die, a reducing die and a cutting-off die, a kisspiece to limit the action of the dies, and akey passing through the die-block transversely to the die recess to lock the dies therein, all constructed and combined substantially as described.

2. The combination in hammer forging apparatus of a gang of dies comprising a necking die, a flatting die, a piercing die, a reducing die and a cutting-0E die, all secured in a single die-block with a kiss piece or pieces to limit the action of the dies, with acorresponding gang of counter dies comprisinganecking die, a flatting die, a holding die, a reducing die and a gage or guiding die, all securedin a single die-block and opposed to their corresponding dies in the other gang, substantially as described.

3. The necking die for forging hammers, having on each side a projecting rib with a central curved depression, for simultaneously forming the two necks of the hammer without compressing the metal outside of the necks, substantially as described.

4. In combination with a piercing die the holding die having the concave center and the oppositely disposed curved horns integral with the body of the die,-for guiding and holding the blank while being pierced, substantially as described.

5. In combination With a cutting-off die the gage-die having a semi-cylindrical groove terminating in a vertical face in line with the cutting edge of the cutting-off die, for guiding the blank to prevent distortion of the same in cutting off, substantially as described.

6. The combination in hammer forging apparatus of the pair of necking dies each having a concave center and on each side thereof a projecting rib with a central curved depression, the pair of flatting dies, the pair of piercing dies, having on the upper one the piercing point and on the lower one the 0ppositely disposed curved retaining horns, the pair of reducing dies each having a projecting rib with a semi-cylindrical depression therein terminating in a necking edge, thepair of cutting ofi dies, of which the upper has a cutting edge and the lower has a guiding groove terminating in line with the cutting edge of the upper die, and the pair of kisspieces to limit the action of the dies, the dies being arranged in an upper and lower gang each containing one die of each pair arranged opposite its fellow in the other gang, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof Ihereto affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOSEPH DYSON, JR. Witnesses:

LOREN PRENTISS, WM. G. TAYLOR.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 507,892, granted October 31, 1893, upon the application of Joseph Dyson, jr., of Cleveland, Ohio, for an improvement in Apparatus for Forging Hammers, errors appear in the printed specification requiring correction, as follows: In line 105, page 2, the reference letter 5 should read 6 in line'121, same page, the Word not should read next, and in line 2 0, page 3, the word serve should read saver,- and that the Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent 1 Office. Q v v Signed, countersigned, and sealed this 7th day of November, A. D. 1893. V

[SEAL] JNO. M. REYNOLDS,

, Assistant Secretary of the Interior.

Counter sign ed p JOHN S. SEYMOUR.

Commissioner of Patents. 

